2017_geo_olevel_mj_paper2

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General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

GEOGRAPHY 2248/2

PAPER 2

—— JUNE 2017-SESSION-——-—---2-hours-30-minutes

Additional materials:
Answer paper

TIME 2 hours 30 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your name, centre number and candid
paper/answer booklet.
Answer four questions.

Answer one question from each of Sections A, B and C and one other question from any section.
Write your answers on the separate answer paper provided,

If you use more than one sheet of paper, fasten the sheets together.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.

This question payer consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

Copyright: Zimbabwe School Examinations Council, J2017

©ZIMSEC 32017 [Turn over

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(b)

2

Settion A (Physical Environment)

Answer at least one question from this section.

Outline the benefits and problems associated with living in a limestone
region,

(7]

Fig. 1 shows river features in a floodplain.

=— Road

= Bridge Cultivated land

Fig. 1

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(i) Using Fig.1, state the possible advantages of settling in the flood
plain shown. [5]

(ii) | With the aid of labelled diagrams, show how levees are formed, (6]

(c) Identify problems posed by fold mountains to people and suggest solutions

to overcome these problems. [7]
(a) (i) Define the term air mass. (2]
(ii) Describe weather associated with a warm front, (4]

~~~ (iti) —Name-the-instrument used-to measure-atmospheric- pressure:- {4—

(b) Fig. 2 shows air movement around Lake Kariba during the day.

Kariba town

Air movement

Fig. 2
Describe and explain the air movement shown. [5]
(c) (i) Draw a labelled diagram to show why Chimanimani mountain
receives more rainfall than Save Valley. [6]

(ii) | What problems are likely to be faced by farmers in the
Chimanimani Highlands as a result of too much rainfall? [4]

(iii) What advice would you give the farmers in (c) (ii) above to solve
the problems? (3)

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(b)

(c)

(i)

(ii)

Study Photograph A below.

(i)
(ii)

4
Define the terms /erbivores and carnivores as used in biotic

studies. [4]
Outline the major characteristics of tropical desert vegetation. [3]

Describe the scene in the photograph above. [5]

State any two environmental problems that are likely to be caused
by the human activities shown in the photograph. [2]

Soil is made up of the following components:

Organic matter 5%

Water 25%

Air 25%

Mineral matter 45 %
Draw a pie chart to illustrate these components, [4]

What measures can be taken to conserve water in your area? [4]

What challenges can be experienced in implementing these

measures?
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|

}

Section B (Economic Geography) |
Answer at least one question from this section. |

4 (a) (i)_~——S Whatare fossil fuels? [2]

(ii) What is the negative impact of mining on the environment
in Zimbabwe? {5]

(b) (i) Table 1 shows the different uses of coal in Zimbabwe.

Table 1

“Percentage of —
Total amount
roduced %

Uses of coal

Mining

Describe the uses of coal using Table 1. {6]

(ii) Fig. 3 shows a thermal power station.

(RH ioe

generator

<— Water from river
—» back to river

Fig. 3

Using Fig. 3, describe how thermal electricity is generated. [5]

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(a)

6

: eal ar vood as the
In Zimbabwe, about 90% of households in rural areas ee 5 SEUNG
main source of energy. What measures can be pul in plac
that there is adequate energy in the rural areas ¢
(i) Give any three reasons for the decline of the dairy herd in

Zimbabwe in recent years.

(ii) Classify the following information into inputs and outputs of a
farming system.

Arable land = 4 hectares

-_Grain-yield— ———-=—_ _150-bags————

Communal pasture = 50 hectares

1 000 mm per year

Average rainfall

Study Photograph B below.

[7]

[3]

4]

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(i) Describe the scene in the photograph. [6]

(ii) What type of farming is practised by the inhabitants of the area
shown? {1}

(iii) | How have the farmers solved the challenges posed by the steep
slope? {1]

(c) Fig. 4 shows percentages of land uses in different agro-ecological regions
of Zimbabwe.
100

__Agro-ecological
region

ORY

XxX

SS
etasetateconatetats
eeesesecegecereneces
SSS
esecegececereracaces

Seghe

Communal Large-scale Small-scale All
farming commercial commercial national
farming farming land
Fig. 4
(i) What percentage of land for communal farming is in Region 5? {1

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(a)

8
(ii) | Which agro-ecological region has the highest percentage in smal]
scale commercial farming? {1]

(iii) | Which farming activity occupies the largest percentage in
Region 1? (1)

“Tobacco farming is one of the most important farming activities in
Zimbabwe.” What points can you raise for and against this statement? [7]

(i) Define the term beneficiation. [2]

(ii) Table 2 shows types of industry.

Table2 : oe

Type of industry

Primary

Main characteristic

Secondary

On your answer sheet, fill in the blanks (i) to (v). [5]

Fig. 5 shows the proportions of working population in three sectors of
employment for four countries R. S. T. and U.

100%

Employment structure

Primary

fue] Secondary
= Tertiary

Fig. 5

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i Whi ies;
(i) Which of the countries is most economically developed? 0
(ii) State the least conomically developed country. Oy
(iii)

What .
percentage of workers is in the tertiary sector in country T? [1]

Fig. 6 shows Possible locations of industries at sites A to E.

—— Wide tarred road

My) Large city

wnat == Railway line

Fig. 6

Stating your reasons in each case, suggest the most suitable site for:

(i) a bakery

(ii) —_ an oil refinery

(iii) =asaw mill

(iv) a sewage processing plant [8]

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10
Zimbabwe has in recent years experienced a decline in industrial output.
(i) What in your view have been the reasons for this decline?

(ii) How could this decline be reduced?

[4]
(3)

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Sectj :
ection C (Population, Settlement, Transport and Trade)

An i i i
Swer at least one question from this section.

(a) (i) Define the term urbanisation. 2)
(ii) State the main characteristics of the Central Business District
(CBD) ofa city, eI
(iii) — What are the major problems associated with urbanisation? (4)
(iv) How can the problems stated in (a)(iii) above be solved? a
—_(b)__ Draw. a labelled diagram to show the structure of a radial settlement. ree
pattern, a

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(c) Fig. 7 shows the layout of a rural settlement before and after a land
reform programme.

BEFORE LAND REFORM

farm huts

farmers plots

- foot paths

— _ wide gravel road

AFTER LAND REFORM

KEY
3
im
at]

wide gravel road
farm boundary
new farm house

new community hall
new grain collection depot
grinding mill
grocery shop
Fig. 7
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H DI Gdeiiey Mew were way LldV aK
1 c laKen plac
(i) the land reform. place on the settlement after v

ii) State any two benefits enjoyed by the fi
( changes stated in (c)(i) above. y the farmers as a result of the 2)

(i) Define the terms underpopulation and lati
in population studies. i sail as (4)

(ii) State the factors that are responsible for high birth rates in some

African countries, [2]
Study Table3 which shows the population of five largest cities in the ——---——-—
world in 1980 and in 2000.

Table 3

| Rank Rank City Population

(millions millions
ri [NewYork | 123 | 1 [MexicoCity | 31.0 |
[2 [tendon | 10,4 | 2 |SaoPaulo | 25,8
3 Rhine-Rubr | 6,9 | 3 [Shanghai | 23.7 __|
4 | 67.14 |Tokyo | 23.7_|
Is [Shanghai | 5,8 | 5 [NewYork | 22,4

—

Les)

BEN
pb

Describe the changes that have taken place in the population of
the cities shown.

(i) I

(ii) | Drawa bar graph, to scale, to show the population of the five cities

in 1980.
(i) | What are the problems experienced in rural areas as a result of
rural-urban migration? [5]
(ii) how can the problems in ¢ (i) above be reduced? (3]

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(a) (i) Explain why most rivers in Zimbabwe are not used for water

transport. [3]
(ii) Outline the problems experienced by railway transport in

Zimbabwe. [4]
(iii) | How could the problems stated in a (ii) above be solved? [4]

(b) What are the advantages of using animal drawn carts as a means of
transport in the rural areas of Zimbabwe? [7]

(c) Fig. 8 shows the pattern of world trade.

Exports from
LEDCs to
MEDCs ($650bn)

KEY

bn = billion

MEDCs = More Economically Development Countries
LEDCs = Less Economically Development Countries

Fig. 8
(i) Describe the pattern of trade shown. (4]

(ii) | Suggest how trade among the less economically developed
countries may be increased. (3)

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